FUNGUS INFECTIONS (DERMATOPHYTE)
Definition
The dermatophyte (ringworm) fungi are a distinct and unique class of fungi, both botanically and pathologically. Most commonly, infection is acquired from another person, though it may also be transmitted in soil or acquired from animals. Dermatophyte fungi attach to, proliferate and live in the superficial layers of the epidermis, in nails and in hair.
Contributing factors which may predispose to infection include inadequate nutrition, improper hygiene, warm climate and contact with infected persons, animals or fomites(infected clothing).
Although pathogenic fungi of all kinds are common in our environment, the overall incidence remains low, probably as a result of undefined host resistance factors.
Each species of dermatophyte tends to produce a specific clinical picture, but it may be difficult to ascertain the exact organism from the characteristics of the eruption alone.
Common clinical types of infection include:
Tinea Capitis (scalp ringworm) Tinea Manum (hands)
Tinea Barbae (infection of beard or mustache) Tinea Pedis (feet)
Tinea Corporis (infection of non-hairy skin) Onychomycosis (nails)
Tinea Cruris ("jock itch")
Treatment
Therapy includes avoidance of prolonged heat, friction and moisture, especially in areas such as the feet and groin. Thorough drying of the skin with a hair dryer can be helpful. Avoid tightly or poor fitting shoes. Change clothing and towels frequently and wash them in hot water. Topical antifungal medications, like tolnaftate (Tinactin), miconazole (MicaTin) and clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex) are extremely effective in many cases. Many of these medications are available without a prescription. In more resistant infections, such as nail infections, oral antifungal medication such as ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox) or terbinafine (Lamisil) may be required. These medications can be expensive and require periodic monitoring. Your health care provider will suggest the treatment most likely to help your particular case. If you do not improve within 10-14 days of beginning treatment (in the case of topical medications), return to the Health Service for re-evaluation.
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